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Tannin Bleeding
A paint or a sealer condition caused by the bleeding of natural dyes in wood. The predominate wood causing tannin bleeding are cedar%u002C fir and redwood. Tannin bleeding can occur on new and old wood when the wood is covered with a paint or sealer film.
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Tape-Lift Sampling
Scotch tape lifts using clear tape directly placed onto a contaminate surface then transferred onto clean glass microscopic slide. After laboratory staining%u002C captured microscopic materials on the tape can be immediately analyzed under a microscope. Tape-lift sampling are referred to as sticky-tape sampling. See Air Sampling%u002C Adsorbent Sampling%u002C Bulk Material Sampling%u002C Smear Tabs%u002C Surface Sampling%u002C Swab Sampling%u002C Wipe Sampling%u002C Vacuum Sampling
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Target Humidity Goals
The continuous preferred humidity in drying an atmosphere of a wet building or area. Education Note%u003A The target humidity goal for efficient drying of a wet building atmosphere is below 30-45%u0025 rh%u002C depending on building materials and their type of construction%u002C building configuration and utilization. In a severely wet building for example it is not unusual to set initial atmospheric target humidity goals around 20%u0025 rh%u002C to increase drying time and compensate for outside relative humidity influences. The increase of drying time will not cause cracking or building damage%u002C since standard commercial size refrigerant and refrigerant gas-bypass dehumidification equipment cannot operate effectively below the 20%u0025 rh range. Not providing for effective building drying has resulted in mold growth%u002C and a return or bounce-back of unwanted humidity when the drying equipment is turned off.
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Tear Gas Exposures
Toxic gas exposures from police and riot-type tear gas. Health and Safety Note%u003A Seldom will emergency response water damage technicians come in contact with tear gas. But in several instances%u002C technicians have been asked to cleanup tear gas exposures with their cleanup equipment. No technician or adjuster should enter a tear-gas contaminated building without proper respiratory and skin protection. Health Note%u003A 1%u0029 Tear gas can effect technicians and adjusters from ingestion%u002C inhalation in nasal passages%u002C and absorption on skin. 2%u0029 Seldom is tear gas considered a medical emergency or a medical concern. 3%u0029 Yet%u002C depending on the type%u002C concentration and severity of exposure%u002C the health of the technician or adjuster%u002C the health concerns may result in a immediate medical emergency. 4%u0029 Skin and respiratory reaction to airborne tear gas is almost immediate. 5%u0029 CN/CS/CR/OC tear gases residue and powders are white in color. 6%u0029 CN/CS/CR tear gas are not-stable when heated. 7%u0029 Tear gas is generally dispersed as powder-like aerosols having a chemical dispersion reactivity to an environment from their explosion. 8%u0029 Once the agents have been dispersed into a building%u002C the agents react violently in the presence of humidity%u002C higher temperatures%u002C some oxidizers and a combination of factors. 9%u0029 All of the tear gas agents have low solubility in water but they can be dissolved in several organic solvents. Hydrolysis of CN tear gas for example%u002C is very low reacting in water solution%u002C even when alkali is added. On skin%u002C it is best to flush continuously with cold water. CS tear gas on the other hand%u002C is rapidly hydrolyzed in water solution %u002C having a half-life at pH 7 is about 15 min. at room temperature %u002865 to 70 %uF045F%u002C and 30 to 45%u0025 Rh%u0029%u002C and react extremely rapid when alkali is added %u0028half-life at pH 9 is about 1 min.%u0029. 10%u0029 As remediation technicians%u002C you must be extremely careful in adding alkali substances to skin%u002C since they can add to dermal discomfort and skin damage. Baking Soda %u0028sodium bicarbonate%u0029 is best used as an adsorptive and cleaning agent on skin.
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Technical Policy Decisions
The choices specific to the user%u002C claimant or insurance company%u002C agency or entity%u002C that are necessary to implement the Risk-Based Corrective Action framework described in the Standards Guide to meet the needs for a particular circumstance. Education Note%u003A General policy decisions%u003A are a building management issues%u002C while technical policy issues are building engineering and outside specialist issues. Technical policy decisions require decisions about regulatory compliance and regulatory policies%u002C and value judgements by contractors and engineers%u002C and outside specialists who have professional judgement to evaluate all available information. Engineering and environmental compliance and industrial hygiene specialists for example%u002C are able to support their claims with scientific notations to Standards and Guidelines%u002C along with sampling and analysis.
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Temperature and Comfort
The acceptable level of indoor air temperature for occupant comfort. Temperature comfort varies throughout the day and during various activity periods from 65%u00B0 to 74%u00B0F.
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Temporary Containment of a Building
The containment of a building that is damaged or has the potential to become effected by an event. The term temporary containment of a damaged building%u002C is the closure of the building by sealing it off to further damage or loss of property. For example%u002C is a windstorm that removes the roof%u002C exposing the building interior and its contents.%u003B a fire that burns the roof and blows out the windows%u003B a tornado that tears off a portion of the building.
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Temporary Containment of Contents
The containment of contents that have been damaged%u002C or through secondary damage%u002C they will be affected at some point. For example%u002C contents in a sewage contaminated environment must be contained and removed from the sewage backflow. Contents must be removed%u002C cleaned and sanitized%u002C then contained in a clean area that was not effected by the sewage. The temporary containment of contents often become necessary during a fire%u002C earthquake or catastrophic event.
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Temporary Humidity Control
The process and equipment necessary for controlling or reducing humidity for a period of time.
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Temporary Shelters
The modular installation or building of closures for either people%u002C material or equipment. Sometimes existing structures are modified as temporary shelters.
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Tetanus
A disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It is a serious central nervous system disorder%u002C resulting in lock-jaw%u002C and it is sometimes fatal. Tetanus as a spore lives mainly in soil and manure%u002C it is found in the human intestine and elsewhere. Contractor and Technician Note%u003A Tetanus is found in sewage and therefore%u002C it can be found in sewage damaged buildings%u002C on splinters of wood%u002C nails and metal tack strips used for retaining wall to wall carpet. The splinters of wood%u002C nails and metal tack strips are excellent materials for puncture wounds%u002C introducing the tetanus bacteria.
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Tetanus Vaccination
A vaccination inoculation which protects employees from the tetanus bacterium. Health and Safety Note%u003A Employers are mandated to offer and give employees the vaccination if employees are coming in contact with potential tetanus contaminated materials. The tetanus inoculation is good for approximately every ten years and it must be renewed. Usually booster a vaccination are given after an exposure.
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Thermal Imaging
The process of scanning%u002C through the use of thermal imaging equipment. Thermal scanners are capable of identifying an energy loss area in a building or identify a building defect.
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Thermal-Foggers
A portable gas engine machine dispersing solvents and water-base chemicals in air from 0.05 to 10.0 microns in size. Education Note%u003A Thermal foggers have been used successfully millions of times for the control and neutralization of various smoke and carbon-based odours from fires%u003B Some persons have tried to use thermal foggers and chemicals for water damage remediation%u002C more specifically%u002C mold%u002C fungi and bacteria abatement. So far%u002C there are no scientific studies which indicate thermal fogging machines%u002C techniques or associated chemicals%u002C can reduced or eliminated toxic fungi or pathogenic bacteria. Note%u003A Gas-engine thermal foggers are not to be confused with electric thermal foggers. Electric thermal foggers %u0028hand-held pot-type%u0029 do not disperse solvent particles smaller than 10 microns in size.
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Thermalgraphic Chart Recorders/Sensors
In a water damaged building%u002C the use of thermal %u0028temperature and humidity%u0029 graphic %u0028chart recorders and sensors%u0029%u002C to scientific document and measure the amount of humidity%u002C temperature and dew point of an environments atmosphere%u002C at any one time%u002C during the building dry-down process. Restorative Drying Note%u003A a%u0029 Thermalgraphic recorders are remote pen-chart recorders having temperature and humidity recording pens. b%u0029 Thermalgraphic recording devises include electronic temperature and humidity data logging sensors. Education Note%u003A For example%u003A to scientifically document the dry-down process of a wet building%u002C and the influences placed on the drying of the building from outside and environmental influences%u002C with a degree of accuracy%u002C no less than 4 thermalgraphic recorders or data logging sensors%u002C are necessary for an average 1%u002C600 square feet of wet building. %u00281 outside as a control%u003B 1 in a dry area farthest from the flood%u003B and 2 in the flooded area%u0029. Author Note%u003A Our company mitigating a flooded having 1%u002C600 square feet of wet floor space and walls%u002C EME would use an average of 6 to 8 thermalgraphic measuring devises. One for each wet room and several plugged into wet wall cavities%u002C especially those having sheer walls%u002C fire walls%u002C double drywall%u002C enamel-base paint%u002C wall paper or paneling. See Performance Humidity Curve
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Thermaline %u0028TM%u0029 Vacuum Freeze-Drying
A trademark name and patented process of Document Reprocessors. The Thermaline patented process has to do with vacuum freeze-drying of wet documents along with the drying of the treated materials freeze-drying chamber with heat. Education Note%u003A By placing wet documents into a vacuum chamber and applying a freeze-drying process%u002C then through the use of controlled heat%u002C the thermal drying process causes the vacuum freeze-drying process %u0028water/ice%u0029 to vaporize from treated documents%u002C film%u002C blue prints%u002C photographs%u002C computer disks to audio-video tapes. The resulting vapour in the chamber is quickly removed by specially designed vacuum pumps that exhausts the chambers steam to an outside atmosphere. For more information contact Document Reprocessors on the US west coast at 800/437-9464 and on the US east coast at 888/437-9464 or www.documentreprocessors.com. See Document Reprocessors
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Thin set
A type of cementitious material used in the installation of ceramic tile%u002C marble and slate. Restorative Drying Note%u003A Thin set is usually very stable when confronted by a water damage. The issues for thin set and other cementitious materials%u002C is not the thin set itself%u002C it is the substrate base material they are placed on. Education Note%u003A In water damaged buildings where the subfloor is wood%u002C and it is not a concrete slab%u002C wood subfloors and underlayments tend to swell%u002C since they cannot easily dry out on their own. Thin set and the tile floor combined%u002C becomes a vapour barrier%u002C that does not allow the subfloor or underlayment to breathe and dry. Hopefully%u002C there is a basement or crawlspace%u002C where special techniques for drying and dehumidifying the subfloor and underlayments can be accomplished. If not%u002C quite often the trapped moisture can cause delamination of the plies of plywood or the release of the bond between the thin set and the tile.
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Thirty-Year Erosion Setback
A state or local requirement that prohibits new construction and certain improvements and repairs to existing coastal buildings located in an area anticipated to be lost to shoreline retreat over a 30-year period.
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Tier-1 Evaluation
A-risk-based analysis utilizing non-site-specific corrective action goals for complete and potentially complete direct and indirect human exposure pathways and qualitative screening evaluation. The non-site-specific corrective action goals developed for human exposure pathways are based on conservative assumptions %u0028e.g.%u002C exposure factors%u0029 and methodologies %u0028e.g.%u002C standards of care and assumptions%u0029 to estimate the non-site-specific values based on available information. The exposure sources and pathways assume that the risk and exposure and the source%u002C are all located in the same location. The non-site-specific correction action goals for complete and potentially complete exposure pathways and source control%u002C are based on similar models and instances having like-kind situations%u002C potentially requiring like-kind problem solving administrative and engineering controls. See Phase I
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Tier-2 Evaluation
A risk-based analysis that involves an incremental refinement of the Tier-1 methodology to develop site-specific corrective action goals. The Tier-2 evaluation for human exposure pathways may include developing statistically representative concentrations of chemicals%u0028s%u0029%u002C toxins and biological agents of concern for comparison to the Tier-1 corrective action goals. By applying the direct exposure pathway corrective action goals established under Tier-1 evaluation at site-specific determination point%u0028s%u0029 of exposure%u002C it may be possible to develop corrective actions for direct and indirect exposures. Besides the model of Tier-1%u002C Tier-2 evaluations may involve qualitative and quantitative analysis. The corrective action goals for complete and potentially complete exposure pathways are compared to the site conditions to determine if further correction is warranted. See Phase II
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Tier-3 Evaluation
A risk-based analysis %u0028risk-based assessment%u0029 that involves a significant incremental effort over the Tier-2 evaluation to develop site-specific corrective action goals. The Tier-3 evaluation for human exposures pathways typically use advanced exposure assessment%u002C toxicity and risk assessment screening techniques%u002C for example%u002C probable and most likely exposure assessment methods%u002C use of bio-availability data%u002C use of advanced fate and transportation models%u002C allowing maximum flexibility of the site-specific target levels %u0028SSTL%u0029 for potential direct and indirect exposure pathways at the point%u0028s%u0029 of exposure based on site-specific conditions. Tier-3 requires statistical models before%u002C during and after corrective action of the source and exposure pathways%u002C along with clearance methods and analysis. See Phase III%u002C IV and V
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TIME %u0028Temporal Indoor Monitoring and Evaluation Study%u0029
An EPA recommended process for gathering information using a Temporal Indoor Monitoring and Evaluation Study for determining building performance or IAQ base-lines%u002C or when indoor air problem solving is necessary. See BASE
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Time and Material
One acceptable job calculation and billing method of the charges of a job. The charges usually include the man-hours and a labor rate%u002C subcontractor charges%u002C material costs%u002C rental equipment costs%u002C dump and disposal fees%u002C and after tabulation%u002C the addition of an acceptable overhead and profit.
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Time Indicator
Also called Time-Location Multiplier%u002C which is a time translation%u002C used to indicate base building costs%u002C calculated back to a particular point in time.
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Tinea
Any number of a group of common fungal infections of the skin%u002C hair%u002C toenails%u002C feet%u002C hands%u002C groin%u002C arm pits%u002C and fingernails. Most infections are caused by a group of fungi called the dermatophytes%u002C which are called ringworm. The transmitter of the tinea fungi are soil%u002C contaminated water%u002C infection acquired from another person or animal%u002C and objects such as dirty shower stalls and carpet. See Athletes Foot%u002C Fingernail Fungus%u002C Ringworm
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Tinea Fungi Infections
Tinea pedis affects the feet%u002C and it is commonly referred to as Athletes Foot Fungus%u003B Tinea cruris affects the groin and it is called jock itch%u003B Tinea corporis affects the body and it is called ringworm of the body%u003B Tinea capitis affects the scalp and it is called ringworm of the scalp%u003B Tinea unguium or onychomycosis%u002C affects the fingernails and is called ringworm of the nails%u003B Tinea unguium can also be found on the hands and feet%u003B Tinea versicolor is a common skin condition that produces patches of white%u002C brown or salmon-color finely flaking skin over the trunk and neck. Health Note%u003A The main prevention of the Tinea Fungi Infections on the job%u002C is maintaining good personal hygiene%u002C washing and using a scrub brush under the nail beds%u002C thorough drying of damp%u002C wet and sweaty hands and feet%u002C wearing proper protective clothing and gloves%u002C and the daily use of a fungistat foot powder. See Athletes Foot%u002C Fingernail Fungus%u002C Ringworm%u002C Tinea
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TLV %u0028Threshold Limit Value%u0029
The daily 8 hour concentration of gases and particulates for which workers can be safely exposed to on a daily basis. Education Note%u003A TLVs refer to airborne concentrations of substances %u0028chemicals in the form of vapors to particulates in the form of respirable particles%u002C for example%u0029 and they represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed%u002C day after day%u002C without adverse health effects. Because of the wide variation in individual susceptibility%u002C however%u002C a small percentage of workers may experience discomfort from some substances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit and the value given for a particular substances. A smaller percentage of workers may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a pre-existing health condition or by development of an occupational illness. Cigarette smoking for example may act to enhance the biological effects of chemicals encountered in the workplace and smokers may experience a reduced immune system inhibiting the bodys defense mechanisms against such toxic substances. A few individuals may also be hyper-susceptible or otherwise unusually responsive to some chemicals including industrial chemicals%u002C because of pre-disposed genetic factors%u002C age%u002C personal habits %u0028e.g.%u002C smoking%u002C drugs%u002C alcohol%u0029%u002C medication%u002C or previous exposures. Such workers may not be adequately protected from adverse health effects from certain chemicals at concentrations below the TLV.
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TLV-TWA %u0028Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average%u0029
The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek exposure to a substance%u002C to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed%u002C day after day%u002C without adverse health effects.
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Tolerance
In water and sewage damage remediation%u002C tolerance is the ability of living microorganisms to resist their usually anticipated stress. While under stress%u002C some Gram-negative organisms protect them selves through multiplication%u002C or they will go dormant until more desirable environmental conditions are present.
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Tort Law
Tort%u003A As per Webster%u0027s Desk Dictionary%u002C a wrongful act%u002C damage%u002C or injury done willfully%u002C negligently%u002C or in circumstances involving strict liability for which a civil suit can be brought. a%u0029 Tort claims cases are not new%u002C they go back to the common law of England before the 1700%u0027s. Legal and Liability Note%u003A Common law today has greatly changed and covers many areas of public law. Tort laws protecting the public are growing daily as new court decisions are being made across our country. Most tort suits are brought by plaintiffs who are seeking damage from personal injury%u002C negligence%u002C strict liability%u002C product liability and misrepresentation. Persons not suffering tangible injuries at this time%u002C are now suing for fear of future damages for increased risk of personal injury or property damage. b%u0029 The term%u002C environmental laws are being entered as a new language in our vocabulary%u002C especially now that we are trying to cure some of the 200 years of wrongs of Western industry. Asbestos%u002C lead%u002C Legionaries Disease%u002C pesticides%u002C toxic chemicals and hazardous waste are a few mentioned in being this new vocabulary of items which we are to stay away from. Now being added to your vocabulary is tort claims%u002C which are part of every business persons responsibility to understand. Contractor Note%u003A Water damage%u002C odor control and restoration contractors are now being sued for neglect%u002C wrongful damage and misrepresentation.
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Total Loss
Damage to an object or material%u002C sufficient enough%u002C to consider it beyond repair%u002C based on its value or function%u002C compared to its salvage value%u002C replacement cost value or cost of repair.
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Toxic
Chemical%u002C biological%u002C gas and vapours that can cause acute or chronic damage to human biological tissue and the immune system.
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Toxic Air Contaminates
Airborne contaminates including gases%u002C vapours%u002C fumes%u002C mists%u002C spores and other aeroallergens%u002C which when inhaled%u002C become toxic to the human respiratory%u002C blood and central nervous system. Health Note%u003A When you breathe in vapours%u002C fumes and other contaminates%u002C they immediately enter the blood stream through your respiratory system%u002C causing poisoning. This is why you must never stick your head into a confined space to check it out without proper respiratory protection.
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Toxins
Microorganisms which produce poisonous toxins. Some toxins are recognized by smell from the out-gas of their reproduction%u002C cells%u002C cell parts and spores. See Neurotoxins
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Trained Employee
An employee who has met all of the company qualifications to become fully trained in one or more specific job task. Education Note%u003A A trained employee in many industries must carry a current registration certification or operator card%u002C to operate certain types of machinery or to complete specific tasks in accordance with the certification training.
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Transition Layer
The upper most layer of a material. Education Note%u003A In concrete slabs%u002C the transition layer is the outer most wear layer as well as the first half inch of concrete layer %u0028on an average%u0029. The transition layer has most of the moisture vapor%u002C before moisture as a gas turns back to moisture as a vapor%u002C %u0028measured by relative humidity%u0029. The transition layer of concrete slab%u002C on or below grade%u002C will more than likely have rH readings from 80 to 99%u0025.
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Truckmount
In water damage remediation%u002C it is the extraction equipment %u0028an extraction machine%u002C having a holding tank%u002C hose and wand%u0029 located on a truck or van. Education Note%u003A a%u0029 A truckmount extraction machine has the capability of controlling and extracting large amounts of standing water from a flooded building. b%u0029 A truckmount unit can also deliver fresh water and detergent chemicals for the purpose of warm or hot water washing of building surfaces and contents. c%u0029 Most truckmounts can be used as pressure washing equipment. d%u0029 The truckmount vehicle is a self-contained unit having its own power%u002C it eliminates the use of drawing electrical power from a building.
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Turbidity Air Currents
As wet buildings are concerned%u003A Restorative Drying Note%u003A a%u0029 The process of taking saturated wet building materials%u002C with dynamic air and vaporizing moisture into the air through advection. b%u0029 One accepted method%u002C is to use turbo fans %u00282%u002C000 cfm fans or greater%u0029 forced across wet building materials that will release static-trapped moisture to an airborne vapor state. c%u0029 Turbo fans are to be placed in such a manner as to create a cyclone effect in a room. d%u0029 The use of dehumidifiers is almost always necessary to reduce the increased humidity rapidly. See Advection%u002C Cyclone Effect%u002C Dehumidification%u002C Dynamic Pressure%u002C Eddy Current%u002C Static Pressure
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TurboVent
A trademarked drying system. Restorative Drying Note%u003A A Trademarked machine by Dri-Eaz that introduces forced air into wall cavities for the purpose of drying wet wall cavities within an acceptable drying period. The difference between the TurboVent and its competitors%u002C the manufacturer states%u002C it is multi-purpose%u002C and the TurboVent can dramatically reduce wall%u002C ceiling and floor drying time. See Injectidry%u002C Wallintruder
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Turnkey Service
A full service provider. A contractor that is able to provide multi-level services and expertise%u002C to eliminate all damage and/or restore a property back to its pre-loss condition%u003A On the emergency side%u002C consultation%u002C site and damage assessment%u002C cost estimates%u002C emergency service%u002C board-up%u002C structural repair%u002C engineering%u002C plan approval%u002C temporary relocation%u002C job site monitoring and clearance testing with certification. On the restoration side%u002C provide all of the necessary subcontractors and materials required to restore a property.
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